New Jersey Transit on the other hand still does use some EMU's, although they don't like to use them. But running down the list of commuter services that do use EMU's, you'll find Metro North which operates both third rail EMU's and catenary EMU's, the Long Island RR using third rail EMU's, SEPTA which uses catenary EMU's, and Chicago's METRA which also uses catenary EMU's.
Then add in the multitude of subways that use 3rd rail based heavy rail EMU's, including NY City, Boston, Philadelphia, DC, Chicago, LA, and San Francisco and you've got far more heavy EMU's running around this country than electric engines.
It not clear to me that all of these systems are "heavy rail." And, while subways are inexplicably defined as "heavy rail," there's little, if anything, in common with other such systems.
From the American Public Transportation Association:
Heavy Rail is high-speed, passenger rail cars operating singly or in trains of two or more cars on fixed rails in separate rights-of-way from which all other vehicular and foot traffic are excluded. Also known as "rapid rail," "subway," "elevated (railway)," or "metropolitan railway (metro)."
Their extensive
list includes a few systems that I didn't think of, Baltimore, Cleveland, Atlanta, PATH, PATCO, and Miami, as well as many that I did mention.
However, even if we discount "subways" from the heavy rail definition, the fact still remains that there are more EMU's in service than electric powered engines hauling cars. The LIRR, which definately meets all of the qualifications of EMU including the ability to mix with freight on the same tracks, probably moves more people every day than Amtrak does using cars hauled by electric engines. And if they don't move more, then they come aweful close, since they put around 150,000 people every weekday into Penn and then take that 150,000 home. And that says nothing of those riding between other destinations that don't include Penn. Amtrak on the other hand puts something like 60,000 people into Penn, it's busiest station, each work day.
Throw in the South Shore Line, METRA's electric line, Metro North, SEPTA, as well as NJT's EMU's still in use and it is clear that there are still more passengers being hauled by EMU than by electric engines.
San Francisco's Metro system is definitively a "light rail" system with mixed traffic segments.
When I mentioned San Fran, I was thinking of BART, not MUNI. However I now see that BART is technically classed as being out of Oakland, not San Fran, so I was wrong on that account.