Didn't think of it earlier, but for the high points of your train trip, a map showing them can be found on the UPRR web site:
http://www.uprr.com/aboutup/maps/attachments/elevations.pdf
You will be on routes shown on this map between Emeryville and Denver. East of Denver, you will be on the BNSF (ex CB&Q) which is south of the UP route between Cheyenne, North Platte, Omaha, and Chicago.
My sources I checked earlier differ somewhat in the elevations given. Here are theirs for your route. Remember that the Union Pacific is a conglomeration of the original Union Pacific, Southern Pacific, Western Pacific, Denver and Rio Grande Western, Texas and Pacific, Missouri Pacific, Missouri-Kansas-Texas, Chicago and Northwestern, St. Louis Southwestern, pieces of the Gulf Mobile and Ohio, and prabably a few more I can't think of right now.
Going west to east:
6,887 feet, Norden CA, SP milepost 192.50 (from Oakland)
5,096 feet, Elko NV, SP milepost 559.30
5,901 feet, Hogan's Tunnel UT, WP milepost 753.69 (from Oakland via Feather River Canyon - longer than SP milage)
7,440 feet, Summit UT, D&RGW milepost 651.40 (from Denver via Pueblo. The original D&RGW.)
9,239 feet, Winter Park CO, D&RGW milepost 52.85 (from Denver, D&SL mileposts direct from Denver.)
Beyond Denver, it is all downhill the rest of the way to Chicago.
Worth noting: If you have any altitude or breathing problems, you might want to discuss this with a doctor, as you will be spending the most part of 36 hours straight above 5,000 feet elevation. Denver is called the Mile High City because that is its elevation. However, it is NOT in the mountains. It is on the plain at the foot of the mountains. The terrain slopes down gradually all the way from there to the Mississippi River crossing that is about 160 miles short of Chicago.