I don't think lost wages can be claimed in most circumstances and probably not worth pursuing.
Any direct out of pocket expenses such as your cab fair should be reimbursed. Other things like meals you paid for, parking expenses, any money you lost for reservations (car, hotel, etc.) for being late, telephone calls to alert jobs and loved ones you are going to be late, etc. should be reimbursed in my opinion.
I don't remember if you lost your sleeper accommodation on the next days train. If so, I think the cost difference should be reimbursed. Points do have value and at a minimum the value should be what the cost to purchase the points would be or the cost of the trip. Or, they can just reimburse the points. You can't say they are worth nothing.
If you still got the same accommodations, I wouldn't expect anything back.
You should get some amount just for your hassle of the situation. If that is the $250, I would think that should be more than enough.
I would list everything you think you are entitled to and call back. Just to say, $250 is not enough, is not a convincing argument. If you can point out, for example, you paid $150 in direct out of pocket expenses, you lost $500 in change of sleeper to coach, and you want something for the hassle, makes a stronger argument that $250 is not enough.