Thank you Henry, however not only am I well aware of how things work on the Maple Leaf, it is also handled very differently than the Cascades service. Canadian Customes doesn't board the Cascades train, you get off and walk to the the agents on the platform and once cleared, immediately enter the station. So that changes things considerably, as if the agents want to further question someone, it doesn't hold up the entire train as the train has already arrived at it's final stop.Going into Canada at Niagra Falls on the Maple Leaf took about an hour. They went over the train with a fine tooth comb and questioned everyone ***** like. Leaving Canada from Vancouver was less traumatic. It still took at least 30 minutes to board the train. Crossing the border into the US was uneventful. The agents were on the train for just a few minutes. I don't see how they can institute much in the way of rail service on this route unless they improve the station facilities in Vancouver. There is only one track dedicated to the Cascades service. It is fenced off and gated from the rest of the station. All customs work is performed as you board. I assume the do the same in reverse. To leave the train has to negotiate a complicate process of unlocking gates, turning manual switches etc that takes forever. The train is basically imprisoned there. On the other hand the Bus seems to board in front of the station and just leave. No complicated process at all. I assume they do the customs stuff at the border on the Bus.