First there were two distinctly different stations. The Central Station which is what is now the Amtrak station. Then there was Union Station about 1/4 to 1/2 mile away The present day Amtrak station has some sort of history to it about exact buildings, exact locations, etc which I have forgotten. But to be sure: there were two distinct stations at one time.
Central Station had:
1.Illinois Central trains from New Orleans to Chicago , St. Louis
2.Frisco trains Kansas City to Birmingham, Atlanta, Florida poinits
3.Rock island trains to Texas and Oklahoma points, I think. Connections further west to California One of them, the "Chocktaw Rockett", eventually became an RDC car. Sometimes the RDC was supplemented with a regular coach or two. This will surprise those who think of RDC's in commuter service. They did, indeed, wind up very, very largely in commuter service. But they were originally meant for struggling longer distances rides, i.e. . one car could replace a locomotive, a baggage car and a coach. (NOTE: It is no typo that I put two "T's" at the end of Rockett. That is because it was a small train. Larger Rock Island trains were callled various kinds of Rockets, with one "T").
Union Station had:
1.Louisville & Nashville to Louisville, Cincinnati and points north such as NYC in one direction, Great Lakes in another.
2.Southern Railway to Chattanooga, Knoxville, Bristol, Roanoke, Lynchburg,, WAS, NYC.
3.Nashville, Chattanooga & St. Louis (taken over by L&N in 1957) to Nashville, connections to Chattanooga and Atlanta.
4.Missouri Pacific to Little Rock and all major Texas points, with trains splitting at various points to go so several end point destinations inTexas. You could go to California this way also, there was a through Dallas to LA sleeper put on down the road.
Bill, you are really close, and you got the split between railroads right. There was one more, St. Louis Southwestern, usually known as the Cotton Belt. They used Union Station but their service ceased in the early 50's.
Central Station was and is at Main and Calhoun, on the west side of Main, south side of Calhoun.
Union Station was on the south side of Calhoun between Second and Third Streets. (Main took the place of First Street)
Service not mentioned:
Central:
Frisco trains to B'han and the southeast were through trains at Memphis, with their other end at Kansas City. The Sunnyland was through in number and name only. The Memphis to Birmingham set spent the day parked on Track 1 which was adjacent to Main St. In addition, they had trains to St. Louis. A section of the Sunnyland as a semi-local day train that made a fairly nice connection with the Zypher Rocket in St. L so you could go Memphis to the Twin Cities without going through Chicago. Up to sometime in the late 50's there was also a night train to St. L.
The IC also had a train to Greenville MS, al local operation called the Delta Express. At one time it went all the way to Baton Rouge along the Y&MV line parallel to the river.
CRIP at one time had a train to Hot Springs Arkansas that carried through sleepers from Chicago off the IC.
Union:
SSW had a night train to Dallas and Ft. Worth called the Lone Star. I believe it also carried a Shreveport sleeper in its earlier years.
The MoPac night train was a connection to the Texas Eagle, and at one time had through coaches and sleepers to both Houston and Ft. Worth, maybe also San Antonio in earlier years. The Ft. Worth sleeper was the last to stay. There was also a day train to Ft. Worth which had a Hot Springs coach as well. They also ran a very short train down the west side of the Mississippi River called the Delta Eagle.
Most routes out of Memphis lost patronage in the late 50's to the point that by 1962, the first year for which I have passenger timetables, other than the ICRR trains, you had no more than one sleeper on any route, and most trains had no more than 2 coaches. Only the Frisco's Kansas City Florida Special would occasionally have a 3rd or 4th coach and second sleeper, and on holidays Southern's Tennesseean might also get a 3rd coach and 2nd sleeper.
George